Which two process-focused models are commonly used in quality improvement?

The correct choice is rooted in the foundational principles of quality improvement methodologies that emphasize process efficiency and waste reduction. Lean and Six Sigma are two of the most widely recognized process-focused models used primarily in various industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, and services.

Lean focuses on maximizing value by eliminating waste and streamlining processes. It seeks to create more value for customers with fewer resources by identifying and removing non-value-adding activities. This approach enhances efficiency and contributes to improved quality and customer satisfaction.

Six Sigma, on the other hand, aims to improve the quality of a process by identifying and removing causes of defects, minimizing variability, and ensuring consistent performance. It employs statistical methods and a structured approach to problem-solving, which leads to a significant reduction in errors and improvements in overall process reliability.

Together, Lean and Six Sigma complement each other effectively; Lean's focus on waste reduction can enhance the Six Sigma methodology’s drive for quality improvement. This synergy results in a comprehensive approach that not only improves quality but also enhances operational efficiency.

Other pairings listed in the options, while relevant in their own contexts, do not represent the same level of compatibility or focus on process improvement as Lean and Six Sigma do. Thus, the correct choice aligns with established practices in quality improvement,